Consciousness remains one of the deepest mysteries in science and philosophy. How does the brain give rise to subjective experience, awareness, and the sense of self? This section explores research and reflections on consciousness, from cognitive science to altered states of mind.
Why do we demand that individuals be only one thing when the very malleability of the mind is the defining feature of our human condition? There is a man. Born in Syria, his native language is Arabic. He is Christian. Today, he lives in Germany. Let us say he holds dual nationality. He works, pays…
We can describe the world with remarkable precision, yet its deeper nature often escapes us. Between neuroscience and Jungian theory, another reading of the psyche takes shape. Modern science was built upon rigorous methodological principles: systematic observation, quantification, the search for causal relationships, and the capacity for generalization. These foundations can be traced to Francis…
At the boundary between life and death, the brain does not shut down all at once.It may instead produce a final episode of coordinated activity underlying powerful subjective experiences. When the heart suddenly stops beating, intuition suggests that consciousness should vanish instantly. Neuroscience research over the past decade, however, tells a very different story. Biological…
More than a sporting event, the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations acts as a lens into collective psychological dynamics. Between national pride, symbolic pressure, and emotional intensity, football becomes a mirror of identity and belonging. Morocco’s hosting of the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations combined with the participation of the national team represents a social…
“Good” news: AI does not think, but it does speak. “Bad” news: our unconscious speaks, while we imagine that we are thinking. This dual observation, paradoxical at first glance, lies at the heart of what I call Artificial Subjectivity. Let us begin by clarifying what we mean by “thinking.” If by thinking we mean a…
For decades, researchers have sought to unravel the mechanisms of consciousness. But beyond neural data, one essential dimension continues to resist explanation: lived experience itself. In 1974, the American philosopher Thomas Nagel, a professor at New York University and a major figure in the philosophy of mind, published what would become a landmark paper entitled…
The rise of artificial intelligence marks a turning point in how we relate to the world and to ourselves. Between the illusion of control and shifting symbolic structures, it is redefining the boundaries of human experience. More than three millennia ago, Odysseus reached the island of Circe, the sorceress who could turn men into beasts…
Understanding how information becomes conscious remains one of neuroscience’s greatest challenges. A large-scale study confronting leading theories reveals a more complex reality than expected. Consciousness remains one of the greatest challenges in neuroscience. Every day we see, feel, and think, yet explaining how a mental content becomes conscious continues to elude us. Neuroscience has made…
Rather than mimicking human performance, some researchers are focusing on its underlying mechanisms. Using brain data, they are paving the way for AI systems closer to human cognition. Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing at breathtaking speed, but its foundations remain very different from those of the human brain. The most powerful artificial neural networks rely…
In Alzheimer’s disease, memories fade, but awareness of that loss can fade as well. This double disruption highlights the deeper impact of the disease on the sense of self. Alzheimer’s is often described as a “disease of memory.” While this description captures its most visible symptom, it oversimplifies the profound disruption it causes. The disease…